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Magento2.4实战百万商品之一：安装篇

Magento2.4.0已经发布，为了重新认识这个越来越复杂的系统，决定从安装开始，边摸索边进行

  • Magento2.4.0已经发布，为了重新认识这个越来越复杂的系统，决定从安装开始，边摸索边进行。
  • 硬件: 母鸡为Windows的R5-3600，64G, 512*2 NVME，通过hyper-v虚拟出3台内网互通的虚拟机，且全新安装Centos7.8.2003 Minimal
  • 架构: 1台机器配置Web、Mysql、Redis，作为主服务器)，第2台机器配置ElasticSearch，第3台机器配置Varnish

            这三台机器的配置、内网IP和hostname分别为

            6核/16G，192.168.1.1，server1

            1核/4G，192.168.1.2，server2

            1核/4G，192.168.1.3，server3

首先安装2号机器的ElasticSearch：

升级系统，安装Java

yum -y update
yum -y install java-1.8.0-openjdk  java-1.8.0-openjdk-devel

配置Java

cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/profile.d/java8.sh
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/jre-openjdk
export PATH=\$PATH:\$JAVA_HOME/bin
export CLASSPATH=.:\$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib:\$JAVA_HOME/lib:\$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
EOF
source /etc/profile.d/java8.sh

配置elasticsearch安装源

cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/yum.repos.d/elasticsearch.repo
[elasticsearch-7.x]
name=Elasticsearch repository for 7.x packages
baseurl=https://artifacts.elastic.co/packages/oss-7.x/yum
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://artifacts.elastic.co/GPG-KEY-elasticsearch
enabled=1
autorefresh=1
type=rpm-md
EOF

安装elasticsearch

yum -y install elasticsearch-oss

修改配置允许远程访问

修改配置/etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml
network.host: 0.0.0.0
cluster.initial_master_nodes: ["node-1"]

启动elasticsearch并开机自启动

systemctl enable --now elasticsearch

查看是否正常启动

systemctl status elasticsearch

如果看到Active: active (running) 则是正常启动了。

此外需要开放防火墙的9200端口。由于我这边是内网，所以直接把firewalld关闭，禁用自启动了。

systemctl disable --now firewalld

再次测试是否运行，也可以在server1和server3上测试是否允许外部访问

[root@server2 network-scripts]# curl http://127.0.0.1:9200
{
  "name" : "server2",
  "cluster_name" : "elasticsearch",
  "cluster_uuid" : "G2Jh9gIeSfK8D_D8hEYfOg",
  "version" : {
    "number" : "7.9.0",
    "build_flavor" : "oss",
    "build_type" : "rpm",
    "build_hash" : "a479a2a7fce0389512d6a9361301708b92dff667",
    "build_date" : "2020-08-11T21:36:48.204330Z",
    "build_snapshot" : false,
    "lucene_version" : "8.6.0",
    "minimum_wire_compatibility_version" : "6.8.0",
    "minimum_index_compatibility_version" : "6.0.0-beta1"
  },
  "tagline" : "You Know, for Search"
}

安装3号机器varnish6.4.0：

一开始在jemalloc上折腾了很久，后来发现直接用epel源就顺利解决了

yum install -y autoconf epel-release pygpgme yum-utils

配置安装源

cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/yum.repos.d/varnishcache_varnish64.repo
[varnishcache_varnish64]
name=varnishcache_varnish64
baseurl=https://packagecloud.io/varnishcache/varnish64/el/7/$basearch
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
gpgkey=https://packagecloud.io/varnishcache/varnish64/gpgkey
sslverify=1
sslcacert=/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt
metadata_expire=300

[varnishcache_varnish64-source]
name=varnishcache_varnish64-source
baseurl=https://packagecloud.io/varnishcache/varnish64/el/7/SRPMS
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
gpgkey=https://packagecloud.io/varnishcache/varnish64/gpgkey
sslverify=1
sslcacert=/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt
metadata_expire=300
EOF

清除缓存

sudo yum -q makecache -y --disablerepo='*' --enablerepo='varnishcache_varnish64'

安装Varnish6.4.0

yum -y install varnish

启动并开启自启动

systemctl enable --now varnish

检查varnish状态

systemctl status varnish

看到Active: active (running)则说明启动成功，同样的由于内网，3号机器也关闭了防火墙

systemctl disable --now firewalld

后续在Magento2.4安装好之后，后台Store – Configuration – System – Full Page Cache配置Varnish参数，下载vcl配置文件。然后替换/etc/varnish/default.vcl，并重启即可。

varnish可以通过命令varnishstat来查看运行状态

安装1号机器Magento2.4：

为了这篇文章写得方便，这里使用目前比较流行的宝塔面板，如果是我自己使用的话，首选cPanel+Cloudlinux，其次用Vestacp。

安装宝塔

yum install -y wget && wget -O install.sh http://download.bt.cn/install/install_6.0.sh && sh install.sh

安装后选择安装软件

Apache 2.4.46
MySQL 8.0.20
PHP 7.4.9
Redis 6.0.6

【重要】安装完成后安装PHP扩展，ionCube、fileinfo、opcache、redis、intl、xsl，并且修改PHP的memory_limit为1536M，另外务必别忘了解除禁用函数putenv,proc_open,openlog,syslog,pcntl_signal。

然后进入宝塔面板，创建网站和数据库，并删除网站目录下的所有文件，避免安装时候文件重复无法覆盖。

提前在https://marketplace.magento.com/customer/accessKeys/创建一个应用，获取Public Key和Private Key，使用composer安装，当然也可以登录这个页面下载源码https://magento.com/tech-resources/download

在composer的时候需要使用到unzip，因此预先安装好，并且通过ssh进入到网站主目录

yum install -y unzip
cd /www/wwwroot/demo.com

这里有三个办法安装Magento2.4主程序

  • 【推荐】方法一：单文件安装

在主目录生成composer.json文件

cat <<EOF | sudo tee /www/wwwroot/demo.com/composer.json
{
    "name": "magento/project-community-edition",
    "description": "eCommerce Platform for Growth (Community Edition)",
    "type": "project",
    "license": [
        "OSL-3.0",
        "AFL-3.0"
    ],
    "config": {
        "preferred-install": "dist",
        "sort-packages": true
    },
    "require": {
        "magento/product-community-edition": "2.4.0",
        "magento/composer-root-update-plugin": "~1.0"
    },
    "require-dev": {
        "allure-framework/allure-phpunit": "~1.2.0",
        "dealerdirect/phpcodesniffer-composer-installer": "^0.5.0",
        "friendsofphp/php-cs-fixer": "~2.16.0",
        "lusitanian/oauth": "~0.8.10",
        "magento/magento-coding-standard": "*",
        "magento/magento2-functional-testing-framework": "^3.0",
        "pdepend/pdepend": "~2.7.1",
        "phpcompatibility/php-compatibility": "^9.3",
        "phpmd/phpmd": "^2.8.0",
        "phpstan/phpstan": ">=0.12.3 <=0.12.23",
        "phpunit/phpunit": "^9",
        "sebastian/phpcpd": "~5.0.0",
        "squizlabs/php_codesniffer": "~3.5.4"
    },
    "conflict": {
        "gene/bluefoot": "*"
    },
    "autoload": {
        "psr-4": {
            "Magento\\\\Framework\\\\": "lib/internal/Magento/Framework/",
            "Magento\\\\Setup\\\\": "setup/src/Magento/Setup/",
            "Magento\\\\": "app/code/Magento/",
            "Zend\\\\Mvc\\\\Controller\\\\": "setup/src/Zend/Mvc/Controller/"
        },
        "psr-0": {
            "": [
                "app/code/",
                "generated/code/"
            ]
        },
        "files": [
            "app/etc/NonComposerComponentRegistration.php"
        ],
        "exclude-from-classmap": [
            "**/dev/**",
            "**/update/**",
            "**/Test/**"
        ]
    },
    "autoload-dev": {
        "psr-4": {
            "Magento\\\\Sniffs\\\\": "dev/tests/static/framework/Magento/Sniffs/",
            "Magento\\\\Tools\\\\": "dev/tools/Magento/Tools/",
            "Magento\\\\Tools\\\\Sanity\\\\": "dev/build/publication/sanity/Magento/Tools/Sanity/",
            "Magento\\\\TestFramework\\\\Inspection\\\\": "dev/tests/static/framework/Magento/TestFramework/Inspection/",
            "Magento\\\\TestFramework\\\\Utility\\\\": "dev/tests/static/framework/Magento/TestFramework/Utility/",
            "Magento\\\\PhpStan\\\\": "dev/tests/static/framework/Magento/PhpStan/"
        }
    },
    "version": "2.4.0",
    "minimum-stability": "stable",
    "repositories": [
        {
            "type": "composer",
            "url": "https://repo.magento.com/"
        }
    ],
    "extra": {
        "magento-force": "override"
    }
}
EOF
  • 方法二：composer获取源码
composer create-project --repository-url=https://repo.magento.com/ magento/project-community-edition=2.4.0

#提示username输入Public Key，password输入Private Key，是否创建auth.json，输入Y回车。

这个时候安装的数据都在/www/wwwroot/demo.com/project-community-edition目录下，我们需要转移文件到网站根目录，用命令行迁移容易丢失.htaccess等文件，建议用文件管理器迁移。

  • 【推荐】方法三：上传源码

在官网https://magento.com/tech-resources/download下载源码，并且解压到主目录。

上述三种办法任选其一，随后在主目录执行

composer install

composer安装完成后执行magento安装，Magento2.4.0已取消网页安装，将下列命令行关于数据库信息和域名信息修改后填入，请注意ElasticSearch服务器是必需的

bin/magento setup:install --base-url=http://www.demo.com/ \
--db-host=localhost --db-name=demo_com --db-user=demo_com --db-password=MmZ8asfdjk \
--admin-firstname=Magento --admin-lastname=User --admin-email=admin@demo.com \
--admin-user=admin --admin-password=demoadmin88 --language=en_US \
--currency=USD --timezone=America/Chicago --use-rewrites=1 \
--search-engine=elasticsearch7 --elasticsearch-host=server2 \
--elasticsearch-port=9200

执行完成后显示对应目录为/admin_31b6ig

[SUCCESS]: Magento installation complete.
[SUCCESS]: Magento Admin URI: /admin_31b6ig
Nothing to import.

因为我们一直都是root用户执行命令，因此需要最后重置一下文件权限，此外Magento2.4.0强制开启了二次验证，我们这里关掉，随后刷新静态资源、索引和缓存

chown -R www:www /www/wwwroot/demo.com
bin/magento module:disable Magento_TwoFactorAuth
bin/magento setup:upgrade
bin/magento setup:di:compile
bin/magento setup:static-content:deploy -f
bin/magento indexer:reindex
bin/magento cache:flush

如果遇到文件读写权限的问题，再执行一遍权限

chown -R www:www /www/wwwroot/demo.com

安装完成后给Magento跑个分，不知道啥时候出的这个功能，需要注意这里要给mysql的root权限，或者直接改app/etc/env.php中的数据库用户为root，跑分文件位于setup/performance-toolkit/profiles/ce/目录下，我们选择一个中等配置进行测试，下面可以看到这个配置中测试生成了24000个简单产品，50000个订单。

[root@server1 demo.com]# bin/magento setup:performance:generate-fixtures /www/wwwroot/demo.com/setup/performance-toolkit/profiles/ce/medium.xml
Generating profile with following params:
 |- Admin Users: 50
 |- Websites: 3
 |- Store Groups Count: 3
 |- Store Views Count: 3
 |- Categories: 300
 |- Attribute Sets (Default): 3
 |- Attribute Sets (Extra): 30
 |- Simple products: 24000
 |- Configurable products: 640
 |- Product images: 1000, 3 per product
 |- Customers: 2000
 |- Cart Price Rules: 20
 |- Catalog Price Rules: 20
 |- Coupon Codes: 20
 |- Orders: 50000
Config Changes...  done in 00:00:00
Generating admin users...  done in 00:00:02
Generating websites, stores and store views...  done in 00:00:02
Generating categories...  done in 00:00:11
Generating attribute sets...  done in 00:00:10
Generating simple products...  done in 00:01:55
Generating configurable EAV variations...  done in 00:00:00
Generating bundle products...  done in 00:00:00
Generating configurable products...  done in 00:00:51
Generating images...  done in 00:00:44
Generating customer groups...  done in 00:00:00
Generating customers...  done in 00:00:11
Generating cart price rules...  done in 00:00:03
Generating catalog price rules...  done in 00:00:03
Generating tax rates...  done in 00:04:05
Generating tax rules...  done in 00:00:00
Generating coupon codes...  done in 00:00:00
Generating orders...  done in 00:03:36
Indexers Mode Changes...  done in 00:00:03
Design Config Grid index has been rebuilt successfully in 00:00:00
Customer Grid index has been rebuilt successfully in 00:00:01
Category Products index has been rebuilt successfully in 00:00:15
Product Categories index has been rebuilt successfully in 00:00:00
Catalog Rule Product index has been rebuilt successfully in 00:00:19
Product EAV index has been rebuilt successfully in 00:00:20
Stock index has been rebuilt successfully in 00:00:16
Inventory index has been rebuilt successfully in 00:00:00
Catalog Product Rule index has been rebuilt successfully in 00:00:00
Product Price index has been rebuilt successfully in 00:00:28
Catalog Search index has been rebuilt successfully in 00:03:55
Total execution time: 00:17:53

整体数据比较满意，毕竟4万产品和5万订单在这么短的时间内生成处理就已经相当不错了，而且这个服务器还只是入门性能。

跑完分后访问前后台还是有报错，没办法，再来执行一遍

bin/magento setup:upgrade
bin/magento setup:di:compile
bin/magento setup:static-content:deploy -f
bin/magento indexer:reindex
bin/magento cache:flush

最后配置varnish，在后台依次进入

Store – Configuration – System – Full Page Cache

设置Backend host源IP，注意：我们这里是将Varnish分离出去了，因为实际情况中鉴于各种BUG以及对SSL兼容性的问题，最终我们将不使用varnish，本文仅作安装配置说明，后面在关于性能优化方面会具体为什么不用varnish以及varnish的替代方案。

另外设置varnish为缓存后会存在前台导航菜单丢失的情况，最简单的办法是修改

/vendor/magento/module-theme/view/frontend/layout/default.xml中66行，将ttl=”3600″删除即可。

配置Varnish后前台丢导航

到这里，整个环境安装完成。

Magento2.4.0首次登录后台显示
后台40000产品，非常流畅。
得益于ElasticSearch7.6，前台搜索也非常棒！

后续计划

第二篇将通过一系列工具演练产品的采集和上传，

第三篇会通过一些插件进而完善电商的各个运营环节，

第四篇会注重优化前台页面的速度性能，

后续待定…

有任何疑问随时在文章下留言。

一秉

Magento爱好者，欢迎关注微信公众号magento

“Magento2.4实战百万商品之一：安装篇”上的3条回复

你好，我是新手，第一次安装，根据你的教程 ，我执行了magento setup:install …成功了 提示了一个相对路径，为什么我在浏览器打开这个链接提示无法打开页面呢？链接类似：http://localhost/admin_ji023l/admin

您好，这个是后台路径，但是如果您没有设置伪静态的话会打不开。apache和nginx的伪静态配置都在程序主目录下存在

小白一枚，问下具体是哪个文件，后台地址一直访问不了

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